Author | Year | Title |
Guangul, F. M., Sulaiman, S. A., Ramli, A. | 2012 | Gasifier Selection, Design and Gasification of Oil Palm Fronds with Preheated and Unheated Gasifying Air |
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Academician Emeritus Professor Tan Sri Datuk Dr Omar Abdul Rahman FASc |
Professor Dato' Ir Dr Abu Bakar Jaafar FASc Chairman |
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Professor Dr Mohd Talib Latif |
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY | DRAFT FINAL REPORT |
WG 1 - Air Quality and Haze Episodes in Malaysia | WG 2 - Peat Area and Water Management | WG - 3 Waste to Resources: Energy or Materials |
Transboundary haze (or ’haze’ for the purpose of this study) is one of the major environmental issues in Southeast Asia for the last three decades. The haze has not only affected the countries within the region but even beyond because of the impacts on environmental concerns with greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and biodiversity thus challenging international attempts to address these issues. | The worsening haze problem in Southeast Asia has been attributed to the improper peatland management. Peatland utilisation is said to raise issues such as the degradation of the tropical peat swamp forest ecosystem, peat subsidence, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and to a certain extent, peat fires. | Regional haze episodes have now evolved into an unmissable annual affair, with the only uncertainty being its severity in any particular year. While the direct cause is crystal clear, its remedy is much less simpler. Finding long term solutions to alleviate the problem has turn out to be rather complex with multi prong strategies ranging from a direct approach of causal elimination through the banning of open burning through legislation and enforcement to a more indirect socio-political approach of dealing with the root cause which many believe to be associated to land grabbing. Other initiatives such as plans to build drainage/canal systems in peat land as a means of underground soil wetting have also been considered. |
Download Draft Report | Download Draft Report | Download Draft Report |
Regional haze episodes have now evolved into an unmissable annual affair, with the only uncertainty being its severity in any particular year. While the direct cause is crystal clear, its remedy is much less simpler. Finding long term solutions to alleviate the problem has turn out to be rather complex with multi prong strategies ranging from a direct approach of causal elimination through the banning of open burning through legislation and enforcement to a more indirect socio-political approach of dealing with the root cause which many believe to be associated to land grabbing. Other initiatives such as plans to build drainage/canal systems in peat land as a means of underground soil wetting have also been considered. |
One possible solution which shall be discussed in this report is the utilisation of the biomass for higher value bioproduct. The rationale is that the creation of value for the hitherto burnt biomass shall provide the impetus to consider the biomass as a source of wealth to be translated into a sustainable practice of economic harvesting. Various technologies exist to convert biomass resources into heat and power such as gasification and direct firing combustion. On the other hand, technologies for converting bioenergy is still new and only several are commercial today while others are being piloted or in R&D stage. This report discusses the technologies of converting biomass into heat and power as well as bioethanol as one of the promising strategies to mitigate the transboundary haze pollution encountered by the ASEAN countries in recent years. Case studies are also presented for possible extension into detailed studies later. |
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The Academy of Sciences Malaysia (ASM) was established in 1995 under the Academy of Sciences Malaysia Act 1994 as the nation's think tank on matters related to science, engineering, technology and innovation. The Academy is a platform for the pursuit of excellence in these fields for the benefit of all.
ASM's fundamental purpose is to be the nation's thought leader in all areas of science, technology and innovation (STI). With a core membership of the best scientific minds in the country, the Academy is positioned to be the apex advisory body on STI matters. It understands the vital role science plays in the modern world and as such, strives to promote better public perception and awareness in issues like the environment, sustainability, energy and as such. Globally, advancement in STI has paved way for a higher income society which is why ASM endeavours to advance the agenda on science as a basis for long-term economic development and societal well-being.
ASM's commitment lies firmly in fostering a culture of excellence regarding STI in Malaysia. As the national think tank on STI, ASM runs studies and projects that provide the groundwork for government policymaking of national and international importance that will bring positive impact to the country.
Scientific breakthroughs in this era have been the direct result of global cooperation, and in order to provide Malaysian scientists with the best opportunities and exposures, ASM actively extends the reach of its undertakings by enhancing its international networks and collaborations. It currently has a range of multilateral engagements with renowned scientific institutions worldwide.
Another aspect of the Academy is its publishing arm. In order to highlight the achievements of the local scientific community, ASM publishes quality peer-reviewed journals, monographs and books targeted to both science practitioners and the general public.
The Academy champions the importance of science, engineering, technology and innovation for the benefit of society. It recognises new possibilities in STI by analysing the crop of current and anticipated problems in national policies. Ongoing projects supporting this include strategic studies on climate change, water resources, rare earths and the Malaysia 2050 studies.
An essential function that ASM plays is its advisory role in influencing policy debate. Through horizon scanning and cutting edge programmes, it is able to provide data to support the science governance of the country.
Human resource element is central to STI and the Academy understands the high demand for creative, well-trained individuals in scientific endeavours. As such, ASM supports the training of budding researchers and scientists through development programmes such as the CERN Summer Programme, Lindau Young Scientists Meeting and Young Scientists Network (YSN-ASM).
ASM is a statutory body under the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, and its Fellowship consists of distinguished STI experts who have made exceptional contributions in their fields.
Fellowship is awarded based on a stringent selection process in six different disciplines: Biological, agricultural and environmental sciences; Chemical sciences; Engineering and computer sciences; Mathematics, physics and earth sciences; Medical and health sciences; Science and technology development industry.
The most inspiring Fellows with an outstanding body of work will be conferred the designation Senior Fellows, and an Honorary Fellowship is awarded to a non-scientist who has been instrumental in the nation's STI development.
In order to optimise ASM's pool of talents, membership is also made up of Associates. These are high profile industry players and experts in non-science fields who are able to connect the scientific community with the industries and provide views from non-science aspect.
In order to optimise ASM's pool of talents, membership is also made up of Associates. These are high profile industry players and experts in non-science fields who are able to connect the scientific community with the industries and provide views from non-science aspect.
Young and upcoming scientists like the Young Scientists Network (YSN-ASM) and the Top Research Scientists Malaysia (TRSM) are given access to ASM's networks and programmes such as the international collaboration, research and grants, and opportunities to elevate their works.